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M-105V. Ya. Klimov
In 1940 V. Ya. Klimov created the M-105 with a takeoff power of 1100 hp. and nominal at the ground - 1020 hp. Compared to its predecessor, the engine has undergone a fundamental modification. To increase power at low and medium altitudes, a two-speed driven centrifugal supercharger with gear ratios of 7.85 and 10 was installed on the motor, which allowed not only to increase power at low altitudes, but also to avoid a significant power "dip" at altitudes from 3 to 6 km. Compared to the M-103A and M-104 engines, it underwent significant structural improvements, the main of which was a fundamental change in the circuit of the motor itself: to improve the filling of the cylinders on each of them, two intake valves were installed instead of one, and the free cross-section of the intake valves increased by almost one and a half times, and the exhaust valves - by 15%. This made it possible not only to boost the engine in terms of speed, but also to lay the foundation for a further increase in power, since the M-105 had a higher takeoff power with a lower boost than the M-103A and, with the same boost, high power in the entire altitude range ... There are two exhaust valves instead of one. Counterweights were installed on the crankshaft to reduce the loads on the main journals. Of course, such a radical change in the motor circuit led to a complete redesign of the block design and the gas distribution system. Among other design changes, we note: a new two-speed transmission to the monitoring station, significantly improved in comparison with the M-104; increasing the compression ratio to 7.1; installation of counterweights on the crankshaft to reduce the loads on the main journals. The motor turned out to be very successful and was installed on many production aircraft, in particular, on the Yak-1, Yak-7 and LaGG-3 fighters, Pe 2, Ar 2 and Yak-4 (BB-22) front-line bombers, and many experienced planes. It had several modifications, of which it should be noted the M 105R with a reduced gear ratio (0.59 instead of 0.666) for bombers, and the M-105P, which allowed the installation of a gun in the collapse of the blocks. |
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